Operating system

Hiii guyss...i m here 2 tell u something about operating system....many of u r aware of it,but its imp 2 knw...more in detail of it.

An operating system (OS) is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use its hardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer.Operating Systems is also a field of study within Applied Computer Science. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer with multiple programs—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers. Some popular modern operating systems for personal computers include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

HISTORY

In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time. Each user had sole use of the computer and would arrive at a scheduled time with program and data on punched paper cards and tape. The program would be loaded into the machine, and the machine would be set to work until the program completed or crashed. Programs could generally be debugged via a front panel using toggle switches and panel lights. It is said that Alan Turing was a master of this on the early Manchester Mark 1 machine, and he was already deriving the primitive conception of an operating system from the principles of the Universal Turing machine.

Later machines came with libraries of software, which would be linked to a user's program to assist in operations such as input and output and generating computer code from human-readable symbolic code. This was the genesis of the modern-day operating system. However, machines still ran a single job at a time. At Cambridge University in England the job queue was at one time a washing line from which tapes were hung with different colored clothes-pegs to indicate job-priority.

EXAMPLE OF OS..

1.Microsoft Windows

 Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems most commonly used on personal computers.

It originated in 1981 as an add-on to the older MS-DOS operating system for the IBM PC. Released in 1985, Microsoft came to dominate the business world of personal computers, and went on to set a number of industry standards and commonplace applications. Beginning with Windows XP, all modern versions are based on the Windows NT kernel. Current versions of Windows runs on x86 and x86-64 processors, although older versions sometimes supported other architectures.

2.Mac OS X

Mac OS X is a line of partially proprietary graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc.
The operating system was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, with a desktop-oriented version (Mac OS X v10.0) following in March 2001. Since then, six more distinct "client" and "server" editions of Mac OS X have been released, the most recent being Mac OS X v10.6, which was first made available on August 28, 2009. Releases of Mac OS X are named after big cats; the current version of Mac OS X is "Snow Leopard".

3.Plan 9

 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy at Bell Labs designed and developed the C programming language to build the operating system Unix. Programmers at Bell Labs went on to develop Plan 9 and Inferno, which were engineered for modern distributed environments. Plan 9 was designed from the start to be a networked operating system, and had graphics built-in, unlike Unix, which added these features to the design later. It is currently released under the Lucent Public License. Inferno was sold to Vita Nuova Holdings and has been released under a GPL/MIT license.

4.Linux and GNU

 

Linux is a generic name for a member in a family of operating systems that can be found on anything from supercomputers to wristwatches. Because its components are open source, anyone can read and modify its code. Because of this, it has been modified for a huge variety of electronics. It is used on only 0.5-2% of all personal computers, but it is a silent giant in the world of cell phones, servers, and embedded systems. Linux has superseded Unix in most places, and is used on the 10 most powerful supercomputers in the world.
The GNU project is a mass collaboration of programmers who seek to create a completely free and open operating system that was similar to Unix but with completely original code. It was started in 1983 by Richard Stallman, and is responsible for many of the parts of most Linux variants. For this reason, Linux is often called GNU/Linux. Thousands of pieces of software for virtually every operating system are licensed under the GNU General Public License. Meanwhile, the Linux kernel began as a side project of Linus Torvalds, a university student from Finland. In 1991, Torvalds began work on it, and posted information about his project on a newsgroup for computer students and programmers. He received a wave of support and volunteers who ended up creating a full-fledged kernel. Programmers from GNU took notice, and members of both projects worked to integrate the finished GNU parts into the linux kernel in order to create a full-fledged operating system

5.Google Chrome OS

Chrome is an operating system based on linux and designed by Google. It is currently in development, and targeted towards use in specific types of netbooks. Chrome targets computer users that spend most of their time on the internet—it is technically only a web browser with no other applications, and relies on internet applications used in the web browser to accomplish tasks such as word processing and media viewing.

THERE R MORE OS 2 TELL U GUYS.....plz  wait ..its would be shortly updated...

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